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Toxic Nodularia spumigena blooms in the coastal waters of the Gulf of Gdańsk: a ten-year survey

Author(s): Hanna Mazur-Marzec | Adam Krężel | Justyna Kobos | Marcin Pliński

Journal: Oceanologia ISSN 0078-3234
Volume: 48; Issue: 2; Start page: 255; Date: 2006;
Original page

Keywords: Nodularia spumigena | Nodularin | remote sensing | Gulf of Gdańsk

ABSTRACT
In the Baltic Sea, summer blooms of the filamentous, nitrogen-fixingcyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena are favoured by high P concentrationsat low N:P ratios and a salinity range of 5-13 PSU. The bloomsare initiated by calm and sunny weather, an elevated surfacewater temperature and thermal stratification. The mass occurrenceof N. spumigena in coastal waters is a matter of special concern,as the cyanobacterium produces nodularin, a potent pentapeptidehepatotoxin. In the Gulf of Gdansk, the large-scale occurrenceof N. spumigena was recorded for the first time in 1994. Bloomsof a similar intensity occurred in 2001, 2003 and 2004. Nodularinconcentrations in freeze-dried bloom samples varied from 0.01to 4.01 mg g-1 d.w. In the coastal waters of the Gulf of Gdańsk,cell-bound nodularin concentrations in 2004 and 2005 attainedmaxima of 25852 ± 107 µg dm-3 and3964 ± 125 µg dm-3, respectively. Microscopic analysis revealedthe presence of diverse N. spumigena forms, with the dominance of curvedfilaments in bloom samples. The results of in situ studies and remotesensing measurements indicate a high frequency and intensity of cyanobacterialblooms in the Gulf of Gdańsk in the last ten years.